Rashid Choudhury completed his five-year course in fine arts from the Charukala Institute in 1954 and attended a teachers' training certificate course at Asutosh Museum of the Calcutta University. He did his post-graduate studies with a scholarship from Spanish government and studied sculpture at the Central Escula des Bellias Artes de San Fernando in Madrid from 1956-57. He also studied sculpture, fresco and tapestry at the Academy of Jullian and Beaux Arts in Paris from 1960-64. He was also honoured with the Leadership Grant Award by the US government in 1975.

In 1962, Choudhury received the first prize on fresco painting in Beaux Arts in Paris and first prize in RCD Biennale in Tehran in 1967. The nation also honoured him with Ekushey Padak in 1977 and the Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy Award in 1980.

Rashid was a teacher of the Charukala Institute in Dhaka from 1958-60. He was also the Assistant Professor of the Fine Arts in Chittagong University in 1969 and became Associate Professor and the Chairman of the Department in 1970.